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The Resource The May 2010 eruption of Pacaya Volcano, Guatemala : an experimental study of subliquidus magma rheology, by Anthony J. Bollasina

The May 2010 eruption of Pacaya Volcano, Guatemala : an experimental study of subliquidus magma rheology, by Anthony J. Bollasina

Creator
Author
Contributor
Summary
Pacaya volcano, Guatemala, erupted in May 2010 with two lava flows from lateral vents preceding a violent Strombolian eruption from the central vent. Compositions and textures of lava flow and tephra samples suggest a layered magma chamber and a range of cooling rates. The effects of crystallization on magma rheology were investigated through a series of high temperature experiments. Six isothermal experiments at temperatures between 1255 and 1207°C produced crystal fractions between 1̃7 and 4̃2% over 3-30 hrs, with textures similar to those observed in lava flows. Four isothermal experiments at 9̃50°C produced a range in crystal fractions between 4̃2 and 80% over 0-2 hours. The crystal textures resemble those in lapilli tephra samples, but are smaller (d1æm). Magma rheology was measured over a range of temperature, and strain rates for each of the partially crystalline samples. The results were used to test the accuracy of current models that predict magma viscosity. Rheological measurements are best fit as a shear thinning non-Newtonian flow with a power-law equation at up to 30% crystals, with higher contents up to 42% crystals requiring determination of a yield strength and the use of a Herschel-Bulkley flow equation. Even at 42% crystals, the yield strength was only 140 Pa. Currently available models for predicting liquid and magma viscosity do not accurately predict the measurements, and are especially poor at low temperatures and high crystal contents. Field and laboratory observations were combined to formulate a model for the May 2010 eruption, in which early-erupted more silicic magma tapped from the upper magma chamber either remains trapped under a rheological plug in the main conduit, or escapes to erupt at lateral vents. Following rupture of the plug in the violent strombolian eruption of May 27thth, lateral vents continued to tap deeper levels of the magma chamber producing more mafic flows
Language
eng
Work
Publication
Extent
1 online resource (xi, 176 pages)
Note
  • "MAY 2014."
  • "A Thesis presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School, University of Missouri--Columbia, In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Masters of Science."
  • Thesis supervisor: Dr. Alan G. Whittington
Instance
Label
The May 2010 eruption of Pacaya Volcano, Guatemala : an experimental study of subliquidus magma rheology
Title
The May 2010 eruption of Pacaya Volcano, Guatemala
Title remainder
an experimental study of subliquidus magma rheology
Statement of responsibility
by Anthony J. Bollasina
Creator
Contributor
Author
Thesis advisor
Subject
Genre
Language
eng
Summary
Pacaya volcano, Guatemala, erupted in May 2010 with two lava flows from lateral vents preceding a violent Strombolian eruption from the central vent. Compositions and textures of lava flow and tephra samples suggest a layered magma chamber and a range of cooling rates. The effects of crystallization on magma rheology were investigated through a series of high temperature experiments. Six isothermal experiments at temperatures between 1255 and 1207°C produced crystal fractions between 1̃7 and 4̃2% over 3-30 hrs, with textures similar to those observed in lava flows. Four isothermal experiments at 9̃50°C produced a range in crystal fractions between 4̃2 and 80% over 0-2 hours. The crystal textures resemble those in lapilli tephra samples, but are smaller (d1æm). Magma rheology was measured over a range of temperature, and strain rates for each of the partially crystalline samples. The results were used to test the accuracy of current models that predict magma viscosity. Rheological measurements are best fit as a shear thinning non-Newtonian flow with a power-law equation at up to 30% crystals, with higher contents up to 42% crystals requiring determination of a yield strength and the use of a Herschel-Bulkley flow equation. Even at 42% crystals, the yield strength was only 140 Pa. Currently available models for predicting liquid and magma viscosity do not accurately predict the measurements, and are especially poor at low temperatures and high crystal contents. Field and laboratory observations were combined to formulate a model for the May 2010 eruption, in which early-erupted more silicic magma tapped from the upper magma chamber either remains trapped under a rheological plug in the main conduit, or escapes to erupt at lateral vents. Following rupture of the plug in the violent strombolian eruption of May 27thth, lateral vents continued to tap deeper levels of the magma chamber producing more mafic flows
Cataloging source
MUU
http://library.link/vocab/creatorName
Bollasina, Anthony
Degree
M.S.
Dissertation note
Thesis
Dissertation year
2014.
Government publication
government publication of a state province territory dependency etc
Granting institution
University of Missouri--Columbia
Illustrations
  • illustrations
  • maps
Index
no index present
Literary form
non fiction
Nature of contents
  • dictionaries
  • bibliography
  • theses
http://library.link/vocab/relatedWorkOrContributorName
Whittington, Alan G.
http://library.link/vocab/subjectName
  • Pacaya Volcano (Guatemala)
  • Volcanic eruptions
  • Lava flows
  • Rheology
Label
The May 2010 eruption of Pacaya Volcano, Guatemala : an experimental study of subliquidus magma rheology, by Anthony J. Bollasina
Instantiates
Publication
Note
  • "MAY 2014."
  • "A Thesis presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School, University of Missouri--Columbia, In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Masters of Science."
  • Thesis supervisor: Dr. Alan G. Whittington
Bibliography note
Includes bibliographical references (pages 134-137)
Carrier category
online resource
Carrier category code
  • cr
Carrier MARC source
rdacarrier.
Content category
text
Content type code
  • txt
Content type MARC source
rdacontent.
Control code
903228051
Extent
1 online resource (xi, 176 pages)
Form of item
online
Media category
computer
Media MARC source
rdamedia.
Media type code
  • c
Other physical details
illustrations (some color), color maps
Specific material designation
remote
System control number
(OCoLC)903228051
Label
The May 2010 eruption of Pacaya Volcano, Guatemala : an experimental study of subliquidus magma rheology, by Anthony J. Bollasina
Publication
Note
  • "MAY 2014."
  • "A Thesis presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School, University of Missouri--Columbia, In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Masters of Science."
  • Thesis supervisor: Dr. Alan G. Whittington
Bibliography note
Includes bibliographical references (pages 134-137)
Carrier category
online resource
Carrier category code
  • cr
Carrier MARC source
rdacarrier.
Content category
text
Content type code
  • txt
Content type MARC source
rdacontent.
Control code
903228051
Extent
1 online resource (xi, 176 pages)
Form of item
online
Media category
computer
Media MARC source
rdamedia.
Media type code
  • c
Other physical details
illustrations (some color), color maps
Specific material designation
remote
System control number
(OCoLC)903228051

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