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The Resource Extinction of chromosomes due to specialization is a universal occurrence, Jason Ryon Wilson

Extinction of chromosomes due to specialization is a universal occurrence, Jason Ryon Wilson

Creator
Author
Contributor
Summary
The human X and Y chromosomes evolved from a pair of autosomes approximately 180 million years ago. Despite their shared evolutionary origin, extensive genetic decay has resulted in the human Y chromosome losing 97% of its ancestral genes while gene content and order remain highly conserved on the X chromosome. Five 'stratification' events, most likely inversions, reduced the Y chromosome's ability to recombine with the X chromosome across the majority of its length and subjected its genes to the erosive forces associated with reduced recombination. The remaining functional genes are ubiquitously expressed, functionally coherent, dosage-sensitive genes, or have evolved male-specific functionality. It is unknown, however, whether functional specialization is a degenerative phenomenon unique to sex chromosomes, or if it conveys a potential selective advantage aside from sexual antagonism. We examined the evolution of mammalian orthologs to determine if the selective forces that led to the degeneration of the Y chromosome are unique in the genome. The results of our study suggest these forces are not exclusive to the Y chromosome, and chromosomal degeneration may have occurred throughout our evolutionary history. The reduction of recombination could additionally result in rapid fixation through isolation of specialized functions resulting in a cost-benefit relationship during times of intense selective pressure
Language
eng
Work
Publication
Extent
1 online resource (50 pages)
Note
  • "A thesis in Bioinformatics."
  • Advisor: Gerald J. Wyckoff
  • Vita
Contents
  • Introduction
  • Methodology
  • Results
  • Discussion
  • Appendix A. Supplementary material
Instance
Label
Extinction of chromosomes due to specialization is a universal occurrence
Title
Extinction of chromosomes due to specialization is a universal occurrence
Statement of responsibility
Jason Ryon Wilson
Creator
Contributor
Author
Degree supervisor
Subject
Genre
Language
eng
Summary
The human X and Y chromosomes evolved from a pair of autosomes approximately 180 million years ago. Despite their shared evolutionary origin, extensive genetic decay has resulted in the human Y chromosome losing 97% of its ancestral genes while gene content and order remain highly conserved on the X chromosome. Five 'stratification' events, most likely inversions, reduced the Y chromosome's ability to recombine with the X chromosome across the majority of its length and subjected its genes to the erosive forces associated with reduced recombination. The remaining functional genes are ubiquitously expressed, functionally coherent, dosage-sensitive genes, or have evolved male-specific functionality. It is unknown, however, whether functional specialization is a degenerative phenomenon unique to sex chromosomes, or if it conveys a potential selective advantage aside from sexual antagonism. We examined the evolution of mammalian orthologs to determine if the selective forces that led to the degeneration of the Y chromosome are unique in the genome. The results of our study suggest these forces are not exclusive to the Y chromosome, and chromosomal degeneration may have occurred throughout our evolutionary history. The reduction of recombination could additionally result in rapid fixation through isolation of specialized functions resulting in a cost-benefit relationship during times of intense selective pressure
Cataloging source
UMK
http://library.link/vocab/creatorDate
1994-
http://library.link/vocab/creatorName
Wilson, Jason Ryon
Degree
M.S.
Dissertation note
(School of Medicine).
Dissertation year
2019.
Granting institution
University of Missouri-Kansas City,
Illustrations
illustrations
Index
no index present
Literary form
non fiction
Nature of contents
  • dictionaries
  • bibliography
  • theses
http://library.link/vocab/relatedWorkOrContributorName
Wyckoff, Gerald J.
http://library.link/vocab/subjectName
  • Chromosomes
  • Genomics
  • Chromosomes
  • Genomics
Label
Extinction of chromosomes due to specialization is a universal occurrence, Jason Ryon Wilson
Instantiates
Publication
Copyright
Note
  • "A thesis in Bioinformatics."
  • Advisor: Gerald J. Wyckoff
  • Vita
Antecedent source
not applicable
Bibliography note
Includes bibliographical references (pages 38-49)
Carrier category
online resource
Carrier category code
  • cr
Carrier MARC source
rdacarrier
Color
black and white
Content category
text
Content type code
  • txt
Content type MARC source
rdacontent
Contents
Introduction -- Methodology -- Results -- Discussion -- Appendix A. Supplementary material
Control code
1135057387
Dimensions
unknown
Extent
1 online resource (50 pages)
File format
one file format
Form of item
online
Level of compression
mixed
Media category
computer
Media MARC source
rdamedia
Media type code
  • c
Other physical details
illustrations.
Quality assurance targets
not applicable
Specific material designation
remote
System control number
(OCoLC)1135057387
System details
  • The full text of the thesis is available as an Adobe Acrobat .pdf file; Adobe Acrobat Reader required to view the file
  • Mode of access: World Wide Web
Label
Extinction of chromosomes due to specialization is a universal occurrence, Jason Ryon Wilson
Publication
Copyright
Note
  • "A thesis in Bioinformatics."
  • Advisor: Gerald J. Wyckoff
  • Vita
Antecedent source
not applicable
Bibliography note
Includes bibliographical references (pages 38-49)
Carrier category
online resource
Carrier category code
  • cr
Carrier MARC source
rdacarrier
Color
black and white
Content category
text
Content type code
  • txt
Content type MARC source
rdacontent
Contents
Introduction -- Methodology -- Results -- Discussion -- Appendix A. Supplementary material
Control code
1135057387
Dimensions
unknown
Extent
1 online resource (50 pages)
File format
one file format
Form of item
online
Level of compression
mixed
Media category
computer
Media MARC source
rdamedia
Media type code
  • c
Other physical details
illustrations.
Quality assurance targets
not applicable
Specific material designation
remote
System control number
(OCoLC)1135057387
System details
  • The full text of the thesis is available as an Adobe Acrobat .pdf file; Adobe Acrobat Reader required to view the file
  • Mode of access: World Wide Web

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